1. What is XRD D-Spacing?

D-spacing (interplanar spacing) is the distance between parallel planes of atoms in a crystal lattice, calculated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns using Bragg's law. It's a fundamental parameter in materials characterization.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Bragg's law equation:

Where:

• \( d \) — Interplanar spacing (Å)
• \( \lambda \) — X-ray wavelength (Å)
• \( \theta \) — Diffraction angle (degrees)

Explanation: The equation relates the angle of diffraction to the spacing between atomic planes in a crystal when X-rays interact with the crystal lattice.

3. Importance of D-Spacing Calculation

Details: D-spacing values are crucial for identifying crystalline phases, determining unit cell parameters, and analyzing crystal structure in materials science, chemistry, and geology.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter X-ray wavelength in Ångströms (typical values: Cu Kα = 1.5406 Å, Mo Kα = 0.7107 Å) and diffraction angle in degrees (2θ/2). Angle must be between 0-90 degrees.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are common X-ray wavelengths?
A: Common lab sources: Cu Kα (1.5406 Å), Mo Kα (0.7107 Å), Co Kα (1.7902 Å), Fe Kα (1.9360 Å), Cr Kα (2.2897 Å).

Q2: How does d-spacing relate to Miller indices?
A: For cubic systems: \( 1/d^2 = (h^2 + k^2 + l^2)/a^2 \), where (hkl) are Miller indices and a is lattice parameter.

Q3: What's the difference between 2θ and θ?
A: XRD patterns show 2θ (total scattering angle), but the equation uses θ (half this value, the Bragg angle).

Q4: Why does angle affect d-spacing?
A: Larger angles correspond to smaller d-spacings according to the inverse relationship in Bragg's law.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: Very accurate for perfect crystals. Real materials may show peak shifts due to strain, defects, or instrument factors.