1. What is Nodal Voltage Analysis?

Nodal Voltage Analysis is a systematic method to determine the voltage at each node (connection point) in an electrical circuit. It uses Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) to set up equations that can be solved for the unknown node voltages.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the nodal voltage equation:

Where:

• \( G \) — Conductance matrix (Siemens)
• \( I \) — Current vector (Amperes)
• \( V \) — Voltage vector (Volts)

Explanation: The conductance matrix represents the circuit's connectivity and component values. The current vector represents the current sources. The solution gives the voltage at each node relative to the reference node.

3. Importance of Nodal Analysis

Details: Nodal analysis is fundamental for circuit design and analysis. It's used in power systems, electronics, and network analysis to predict circuit behavior before physical implementation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips:

• Enter the conductance matrix with each row separated by semicolons
• Enter the current vector as comma-separated values
• Ensure matrix dimensions match (n×n matrix and n×1 vector)
• The matrix must be invertible (non-singular)

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the reference node?
A: The reference node (usually ground) has voltage 0V. All other node voltages are calculated relative to this.

Q2: How to handle voltage sources?
A: Voltage sources require modified nodal analysis (MNA). This calculator handles current sources only.

Q3: What if my matrix is singular?
A: A singular matrix means your circuit has floating nodes or incorrect connections. Check your circuit topology.

Q4: Can I analyze nonlinear circuits?
A: This calculator is for linear circuits only. Nonlinear circuits require iterative methods.

Q5: How accurate are the results?
A: Results are mathematically exact for the given inputs. Real-world accuracy depends on component tolerances.